I received 2 questions from fellow readers...first one is related to Agoraphobia.Second is related to stroke.Well those 2 conditions are very common in our society right?..
firstly about agoraphobia.
Agoraphobia (from Greek ἀγορά, "marketplace"; and φόβος/φοβία, -phobia) is an anxiety disorder defined as a morbid fear of having a panic attack or panic-like symptoms in a situation that is perceived to be difficult (or embarrassing) from which to escape. These situations can include, but are not limited to, wide-open spaces, crowds, or uncontrolled social conditions. Alternatively, social anxiety problems may also be an underlying cause. As a result, sufferers of agoraphobia avoid public and/or unfamiliar places, especially large, open spaces such asshopping malls or airports from which they cannot easily escape if they have a panic attack. In severe cases, the sufferer may become confined to his or her home, unable to leave their safe haven.
Causes:
Although the exact causes of agoraphobia are CURRENTLY UNKNOWN, some clinicians who have treated or attempted to treat agoraphobia offer plausible hypotheses.
The condition has been linked to the presence of other anxiety disorders, a stressful environment or substance abuse. Chronic use of tranquilizers and sleeping pills such as benzodiazepines has been linked to onset of agoraph
obia.[10] Research has uncovered a linkage between agoraphobia and difficulties with spatial orientation.[12][13] Individuals without agoraphobia are able to maintain balance by combining information from their vestibular system, their visual system and their proprioceptive sense. A disproportionate number of agoraphobics have weak vestibular function and consequently rely more on visual or tactile signals. They may become disoriented when visual cues are sparse (as in wide open spaces) or overwhelming (as in crowds).[14] Likewise, they may be confused by sloping or irregular surfaces.[14] In a virtual reality study, agoraphobics showed IMPAIRED PROCESSING of changing audiovisual data in comparison with healthy subjects.[15]
treatment:
- Exposure treatment
- systemic desensitization
- cognitive restructuring
- relaxation techniques
- medications
- eye movement desensitization and reprogramming
- self help/ support group
berapakah masa yang paling singkat untuk seseorang pulih drpd strok?
pesakit berumur 31, sebelah kanan paralysed.. tq
translations:
Apa yang pesakit itu hadapi ialah hemiplagia iaitu lumpuh sebelah badan.Dan dalam kes ini lumpuh sebelah kanan.Berita baiknya ialah lumpuh sebegini ialah amat selalu kita jumpa dalam kes stroke (As many as 88% of patients with acute stroke have hemiparesis.).
kesembuhan pesakit ni bergantung kepada indikator tertentu.Contohnya jika dia boleh gerakkan tangan atau genggam dengan tangan kanan dia atau sepak kaki dia by 4 weeks from onset of strone, dia boleh sembuh sepenuhnya dalam masa 3 bulan selepas onset of stroke.
kalau lepas 3 minggu leas kene stroke,patient masih tak menunjukkan tanda12 pergerakan tangan/kaki kanan..atau takde tanda2 patient recover bit by bit in a weekly basis, rasanya unlikely patient akan get a recovery of full motion.
kebanyakan patient akan sembuh dalam masa 3 bulan,
tetapi boleh jadi 6 bulan atau lebih jika untuk sesetengah patients.
patient ni perlu di hantar ke pusat rehabilitasi stroke (hospital akan recommend).Rehabilitasi ni ialah latihan pergerakan khas untuk pesakit2 stroke dalam proses pemulihannya.Adalah perlu untuk patient menjalani rehabilitisa ini kerana proses penyembuhan daripada stroke akan menjadi lebih berkesan dan mungkin masa utk sembuh boleh dipendekkan lagi..
pesakit sembuh dari stroke adalam 2 cara
1.Mengurangkan kerosakan saraf.Ini boleh menyebabkan penyembuhan saraf secara spontan dan semulajadi (melalui kesan rawatan-limit extent of stroke/enhance neurological functioning).Contoh pesakit yang sembuh dengan cara ini ialah peningkatan dari segi fungsi motor, kebolehan bertutur dan sbginya.
2.improve ability to perform daily activities within the limitations of their physical impairment (meningkatkan kebolehan melakukan aktiviti harian walaupun tak sembuh sepenuhnya(masih lumpuh sedikit/banyak).Contoh pesakit yang sembuh sebegini ialah pesakit yang mengalami kerosakan sensorimotor,keboleh berfikir, atau perangai.mereka di latih untuk makan,memakai pakaian,mandi dan membuang air secara berdikari.
untuk proses rawatan yang berkesan,patient ni perlu di hantar ke pusat rehabilitasi stroke (hospital akan recommend).Rehabilitasi ni ialah latihan pergerakan khas untuk pesakit2 stroke dalam proses pemulihannya.Adalah perlu untuk patient menjalani rehabilitisa ini kerana proses penyembuhan daripada stroke akan menjadi lebih berkesan dan mungkin masa utk sembuh boleh dipendekkan lagi..
kalau buat sendiri di rumah,adalah dikhuatiri pesakit takkan sembuh secara efisyen..pendek kata, tak payah la cuba dirumah...hantar je ke pusat rehab...senang..
akhir sekali sebagai seorang Hamba Allah, kita perlu berdoa besungguh-sungguh kepadaNya untuk disembuhkan dan dikurniakan kita semua ilmuNya untuk menyembuh penyakit...dan banyakkan minum madu lebah asli kerana termaktub dalam al-Quran yang madu lebah mampu mengubati penyakit...insyaAllah :)
so I hope I can provide an insight into what to do with those 2 patients..remember medical knowledge is expanding day by day..and HOPE is there for all of Us!!..... we have to work hard to recover from our illness and then we pray to Allah so that what we had worked will heal the illness..I use my knowledge as hard as I can to assist people who is in need medically ..InsyaAllah...
if U wanna read more on agoraphobia and stroke these are the references:
* I am sorry in adnave if I made mistakes in interpreting any facts in those articles..We will work this out together!!!..... Cheer UP and be happy I am here to assist any in needs.....cheerios..
XOX
1 comments:
dear doc,
thanks a lot for the explaination. really appreciate it. as usual, i love your writing. keep it up! (*.*)
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